Paving selection and specification

Pavement selections are focussed upon quality, hard wearing, versatile materials with an urban, refined character. Accessible and comfortable. Consistent across entire city centre to give a coherent identity and uniform character.

Subtle changes to occur across street typologies/precincts. The materials allow for variety of combinations that support more economical applications. Versatility in application of bluestone and asphalt combinations allowing for different levels of priority and investment. Granite is used in limited strategic areas for contrast and definition.

Consider use of permeable paving where tree watering or ground water recharge is required.

Standard Pavement Materials

The standard pavement materials palette has been selected with regard to:

• durability
• cost-effectiveness
• serviceability and maintenance
• visual integration
• expression of pedestrian hierarchy

Supply Requirements

Proposed products must be submitted for approval under the following conditions:

• Acceptable availability in regards to lead times and available volume
• Quality and density of stone, unit size and compressive strength
• A local contact point
• Certified slip rating
• Colour variation with the product, or colour consistency in product
• Intensity and size of grain in stone
• Product substitutions or equivalent products may be submitted for approval.

Requirements for Surface Finish

Paving shall be shaped to match the level of existing fixtures, (for example: pit covers, kerb, edgings, existing building line) to within 3 mm.

Typical Requirements of Service Pits Unit Pavement Areas

• Typically, stormwater junction, sewer, services and Telstra pits should be neatly integrated with infill covers.
• All pit lids and surrounds to be engineered and installed to meet vehicle rating requirements.
• Align all rectilinear pit lids to the direction of unit pavement
• Grated stormwater pits or trench grates should always be anti-slip heel guard finish with low profile stainless steel frame.
• Other pits such as water valves, gas valves and electrical pits should be neatly integrated into unit pavement with a max 10mm gap with colour matched caulking.

Stone unit pavers - format and size

Material

Large Format
Size: 495 x 800mm
Finish: Sawcut with 50um finish
Pattern: Stretcherbond
Joints: Align with base slab joints below
Grout: 5mm grout flush joint

Small Format
Material: Bluestone Paver
Size: 245 x 400mm
Finish: Sawcut with 50um
Pattern: Stretcherbond Joints: Align with base slab joints below
Grout: 5mm grout flush joint

Secondary
Material: Bluestone Paver
Size: 245 x 245mm
Finish: Sawcut with 50um finish
Pattern: Stack
Joints: Align with base slab joints below 
Grout: 5mm grout flush joint
Use: Square format pavers are only for use in vehicle crossovers to secondary streets and laneways, for example: Little Malop Street crossovers.

Thicknesses dependant on loads, pavement design and civil engineer specification.

Stone performance specification

1. The bluestone materials shall be free from any injurious defect relating to strength, durability and appearance.
2. All bluestone materials shall be the product of machining of sound basaltic stone. Stone shall be considered sound only if it has less than 2% secondary minerals as determined by methods of microscopic examination and quarry sampling.
3. The bluestone materials shall not be supplied from a quarry used for aggregate and shall be quarried only with black powder or other approved soft blasting technique and governed by current Australian Extractive Industry laws, Work Authorities and Mining licences. Current Work Authority finish number for the Dimension stone quarry must be provided.
4. Cut bluestone materials shall be clear of all clay, overburden, soft, friable or weathered material and other foreign matter. Its wearing qualities shall be determined by the Los Angeles Abrasion Test and the percentage loss permitted shall not exceed 30. With a ramp slip resistance factor of R13.
5. Bluestone materials with vesiculations, veining or fracture lines considered injurious to strength will be rejected.
6. Colour variation, vesiculation and veining shall be of the equivalent standard to works associated with the Malop Street pedestrian paved area.
7. Flint or other discolourations are to be avoided. The total area of top surface perforation “catspaws” must not exceed 40 percent of the total slab area.
8. Exact individual paver unit sizes must be confirmed prior to ordering / cutting.  Dimensions are required to factor in grout joint dimensions where an overall critical dimension is required such as for spoon drain width.
9. The stone must be able to withstand a test for acid resistance and a sample tested to prive as much.

Surface Finish

1. The surface finish of all bluestone materials shall be diamond sawn and must be free from saw cut markings.
2. The face edge of the top surface of the kerbing (straights and radials) shall be finished with a 20mm radius.
3. Unless otherwise specified, edges of all bluestone materials shall be finished with a 1mm chamfer/arris.

Stone unit pavers - laying and use

Use

Bluestone pavers are to be used in Central Geelong by locations shown on plan, page 17.

Installation

Large format pavers are to be laid in stretcherbond pattern. Align paver courses perpendicular to direction of travel. Carry pattern through east/west streets with straight joint to delineate north/south streets.

Where circumstances warrant secondary smaller unit pavers (eg invert line in pavement) alternative size may be used, for example: Malop Street between Moorabool and Yarra Streets.

Use: High Priority Corner

Typical paver direction with transition at corner.

Use: High Priority Corner

Typical paver direction with small format pavers to invert line.

Use

Highlight bluestone bands are to be used at corners with contrasting asphalt pavements to low priority streets in Central Geelong. Refer to locations on page 17.

Installation

Large format pavers are to be laid in stack bond as a single course where adjacent asphalt - Residential Fringe. Large format pavers are to be laid in stretcher bond pattern to extent of low priority corners.

Granite Paving

Granite unit pavers can be used in limited locations requiring a contrasting material for demarcation of road/footpath users. Size and format is to be developed by function and location. Example; Little Malop Street is a 300mm wide at-grade kerb. Colour: ‘Salt & Pepper’

Use: Low Priority Corner

Use: Residential Fringe Interface

Typical paver direction and transition at corner

Infill Pit Lids - format and size

Use

Pit lids are to be infilled with surrounding pavement materials to create a seamless, trafficable pavement surface. To be used on stormwater junction pits, services pits, circular sewer pits, Telstra pits.

Installation

Match lid infill to surrounding pavements, trim pavers to fit within infill frame.

Pit lid class to Engineers site specific load requirements. Size lid and surround to suit paver depth.

Material

316 Stainless Steel or galvanised steel surround. Infill material to match adjacent surface.

Installed examples

Supplier
ACO Australia
www.acodrain.com.au
Product: Urban Infill or approved equivalent

ORCA Civil
www.orcacivil.com.au
Product: ORCA Flexfill cover

Tactile ground surface indications - format and size

Use

Granite inlay TGSIs are to be used in areas with bluestone unit pavers to Central Geelong. Stainless steel TGSI are to be used in asphalt and concrete pavements to Central Geelong.

Installation

All locations as required by AS1428.1(2009). Not to be installed in vehicle zones without confirmation of loading. All designs to be reviewed and approved by a Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) Consultant.

Material

Hazard TGSI
Material: Granite button inlay to custom bluestone paver Size: 300x300mm
Finish: Exfoliated granite, honed bluestone
Pattern: Stack bond, grid
Grout: 5mm grout flush joint

Directional TGSI
Material: Granite strip inlay to custom bluestone paver
Size: 300x300mm
Finish: Exfoliated granite, honed bluestone
Pattern: Stack bond, grid Grout: 5mm grout flush joint

Granite inlay TGSI to be used in areas with bluestone paving

Hazard (left) and Directional (right)

Stainless Steel TGSI to be used in areas with asphalt or coloured concrete pavements

Hazard (left) and Directional (right)

All TGSI / pavement combinations are to meet luminance contrast requirements of AS 1428.1 (2009).

Distribution

Kerb and Channel - format and size

Use

Sawn bluestone kerb units are designated for Central Geelong as a robust and urban pavement material. Kerb and tray units are to adhere to the performance requirements set out on pages 11 and 12 of this document.

Installation

Installation of type 1 & 2 kerbs is to be in line with all City of Greater Geelong Infrastructure Design Manual specifications.

Material

Type 1

300mm wide, 300mm high kerb stone on engineered base. Kerb stone lengths vary. Grout: 5mm grout flush joint Bullnose edge facing carriageway.

Asphalt may be laid up against raised kerb as a channel where specified and detailed by Civil engineer.

Type 1 Kerb

Type 2

Recycled or refinished bluestone pitchers may be used as a channel.

For example: 200x300mm nom. pitchers set flush adjacent road to achieve civil design.

Option

Recycled and refurnished bluestone pitchers may be used in channel, for example: 200x300mm nom. pitchers set flush to achieve civil design detail.

An asphalt tray may be used as an appropriate option where deemed suitable by civil engineer.

Type 2 Kerb

Pram Crossing - format and size

Format

Typically stone unit pavers per section 2.1

Use

Pram crossings to be located where at-grade and DDA compliant access is required from a footpath to a lower street level at a crossing point, in line with AS1428.1&2 (2009). Size is particular to situation and must be designed by suitably qualified professional.

Installation

Installation of type 1 & 2 kerbs is to be in line with all City of Greater Geelong Infrastructure Design Manual specifications.

Typical Plan

Distribution

Tree grate - Code - TBC

Design

Stainless steel frame, 316 stainless steel plate with laser cut slots, flush fixings to achieve flush finish with adjacent pavements. Fabricate grate in 2-parts with locking points to achieve flush finish between parts.

Use

Install to new and existing trees where in pedestrian areas requiring trafficable surface.

Installation

Below ground footings to support base frame. Recess base frame to achieve flush finish of top grate with adjacent pavement.

Custom installation

Run slots in top grate perpendicular to dominant pedestrian travel direction where uplights installed, provide cut-out for specified light and breaking grate slots.

Material

8mm thick 316 Stainless steel, no.4 finish 1500x1500m - typ.

Variation

Where format and size of grate varies from standard, the same detailing of slots etc. should be used.

Typical

Designer

Outlines Landscape Architecture
(03) 9326 5692

Supplier

Previously supplied by J.C.Brown
(03) 5221 3177

Refer to City of Greater Geelong furniture suite drawings for full sizes, finishes and specifications.

Tree Guard - Code - TBC

Design

Circular form, stainless steel tree guard to be used and integrated with tree grate.   

Use

To be used in conjunction with tree grate (page 26) for all new trees.

Installation

Fix tree guard down to tree grate with countersunk fixings to achieve flush finish.

Material

8mm thick 316 Stainless steel, no.4 finish
50mm polyester webbing. Colour: Red

Designer

Outlines Landscape Architecture
(03) 9326 5692

Supplier

Previously supplied by JC Brown
(03) 5221 3177

Refer to City of Greater Geelong furniture suite drawings for full sizes, finishes and specifications.

Permeable Pavement - Code - TBC

Use

Use a poured permeable pavement to locations within existing street trees in pedestrian zones where a tree grate is not viable. Tree grates (page 26) should be used to new tree installations where possible.

Installation

Install a 2-part galvanised collar around the trunk. Install perimeter galvanised surround to extent of paving. Ensure pavement is installed on base course to manufacturers specifications and local site conditions.

Material

Pebble pave on approved equivalent. Colour: 1/2
Silver Ash, 1/4 Dove, 1/4 Black

Installed examples

Cafe Screen - Code - TBC

Outdoor Cafe Screen - Fixed alfresco areas will be assessed on an individual basis as to how they address and enhance the streetscape, maintenance, aesthetics and context.

Trading Marker - Code - TBC

Use

Markers are to be used to delineate footpath trading zones for traders who utilize footpaths within Central Geelong.

Installation

• Prepare rebate in pavement by routing to achieve flush finish when marker is installed
• Epoxy fixing of spigot and disc
• Install in stone, concrete or asphalt pavement
• Install at approx. 1m spacing. Confirm with City of Greater Geelong officer prior to installation

Option

City of Greater Geelong logo or other approved graphic etched into disc 0.5mm deep etching.

Drinking Fountain - Code - TBC

Use

Drinking fountains are to be located in high use streets and focussed on key public spaces and facilities including parks, transport nodes and civic buildings throughout Central Geelong.

Installation

• Install fountain in location with adequate water supply and proximity to drainage point. Always connect to plumbed drainage point
• Separate base plate fixed down to slab or footing with valve and armature as detailed in City of Greater Geelong Furniture Suite drawings
• Inbuilt drainage grate and sump connected to plumbed drainage point
• Minimum 600mm off set to all carriageways and other furniture
• Ensure wheelchair access clearance is achieved to all sides to AS1428.1 (2009)
• Install out of main thoroughfares and not abutting into dominant travel paths
• Install with shut-off valve inside fountain as-detailed
• Install external shut-off valve in nearby pit
• Include footing for fountain and drainage sump

Material

Body 316 stainless steel no.4 finish Stainless steel fasteners and all internal hoses and other accessories

2-part bubbler & button

Dimension (nom.)

450(L) x 175(W) x 800 (H)

Option

Where adjacent garden bed and with falls to bed, fountain may be installed without sump and grate. Face rear of drinking fountain to garden bed.

Decisions around species selection and placement should be informed by the below diagram and by CoGG standards relating to urban tree selection. Where trees cannot be installed in the proposed location an alternative location shall be determined.  Where the proposed tree species cannot be installed in the nominated location, an alternative species from the Standard List list must be determined for approval by Council.

Note: Street trees selected for bespoke design areas must also consider this selection criteria.

An increase in tree canopy cover across Central Geelong to align with City of Greater Geelong urban forest strategy, 2015-2025. Tree planting hould aim to provide a large canopy and wide form wherever possible. Passive watering should be explored in all situations in line with the City in a Park strategy.

Large evergreen trees should be planted in median strips where possible, to take full advantage of the breadth of space. A mixture of medium sized evergreen and deciduous trees should be planted in the footpath and preferably in-road kerbside, to allow for additional circulation in the footpath pedestrian areas. Smaller deciduous and evergreen trees with a splash of colour should be planted in laneways where little space is available for tree planting.

Major Streets

In order of preference:

Where: Median planting opportunity exists

Application: Typology of one planting to median Typology two planted in footpath or in-road kerbside.

Where: Median planting is not achievable or no median exists

Outcome: Typology one planting in footpath or in-road kerbside.

Note: the same tree species and application of typologies should apply to the entire length of any one street from one end of the Central Geelong area to the other.

Considerations

• Design conscientiously and holistically for tree planting by ensuring sufficient above and below ground space and conditions to thrive. Well planned trees are one of the best long term investments a city can have.
• Make the most of areas with no overhead obstruction or powerlines and plant large trees.
• Plant appropriately scaled species below powerlines.
• Avoid trees with a low canopy which obscures site lines and clutter streetscapes.
• Consider passive irrigation of trees with stormwater wherever practicable.
• Plant appropriate trees for the situation to minimise maintenance, pruning and damage to infrastructure
• All tree pits must include sub-surface drainage connected to the stormwater system

Secondary streets

In order of preference:

Where:  Opportunity for planting to both sides of the street

Application: Typology two or three planting to footpath or in-road kerbside

Where:  Opportunity for planting to one side of the street

Application: Typology two or three planting to footpath or in-road kerbside

Note: the same tree species and application of typologies should apply to the entire length of any one street from one end of the Geelong Action Plan area to the other.

Laneways

Where: Planting opportunity exists

Application: Typology four planting to one or both sides of the laneway

Note: the same tree species and application of typologies should apply to the entire length of the laneway.

Typology 1 - Large evergreen 12-15m height

A - Angophora costata - Smooth Barked Apple Myrtle

A - Ulmus glabra lutescen - Golden Elm

C - Fraxinus pennsylvanica - Urbanite Ash

Autumn Blaze

A - Fraxinus griffi  thii - Evergreen Ash

C - Corymbia citriodora - Lemon Scented Gum

A - Magnolia grandifl ora ‘Greenback’ - Evergreen Magnolia