The infection usually begins as a painless spot or pimple which slowly grows bigger and forms an ulcer. Sometimes it presents only as a lump or swelling without a noticeable centre. The infection may occur anywhere on the body, but is often found on exposed skin, such as the hands, feet, arms, legs and ears.

It is common to mistake early symptoms of the infection for a spider bite and may be itchy

How mycobacterium ulcerans is spread

The route of transmission is not fully understood. The bacteria have been detected in wildlife including possums and koalas, in mosquitoes and aquatic insects and in soil samples.

There is increasing evidence from local research that mosquitos and possums play a key role in transmission in Victoria however it is not yet known exactly how humans become infected.

It can take between 2-6 months for the symptoms to develop.

The Victorian Government is researching Mycobacterium ulcerans with the Beating Buruli in Victoria project.

How to reduce the risk of infection

There are some steps you can take to reduce your risk. When outdoors or working in the garden:

• protect cuts or abrasions with sticking plasters
• promptly wash and cover any scratches or cuts you receive while working outdoors
• wear gardening gloves, long sleeved shirts and trousers
• avoid insect bites by using insect repellent containing DEET or Picaridin
• clean possum faeces away from the immediate environment.

When to seek medical advice

If you are concerned you should seek medical advice, but especially when:

• you have a slow-healing skin lesion or ulcer
• you have a persistent lump or swelling
• the infection begins as a painless pimple which progresses to form an ulcer.

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can reduce the risk of severe disease.

Bairnsdale Ulcer Images

These images are provided by Professor Paul Johnson, author of Buruli ulcer in Australia. Please be aware they are graphic in nature.